ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI) AS A JUDICIAL ALLY: STREAMLINING JUSTICE IN FAMILY AND SMALL CLAIMS COURTS IN INDIA
Volume 3Issue III Year 2024
Shriya Badgaiyan
Assistant Professor, MATS Law School, MATS University
shriya2229@hnlu.ac.in
Table of Contents
Shriya Badgaiyan
Assistant Professor, MATS Law School, MATS University
shriya2229@hnlu.ac.in
AI in Law- Family Courts- Small Claims Courts- Unrepresented Litigants- Judiciary- Legal technology- Court Case Management
1. Shobhana Sanjay Singh, Use of AI-Driven Support System to Help Courts in Predicting Child Custody Outcomes in India, 23 World J. Advanced Res. & Rev. 1088 (2024).
2. Vijay Pal Dalmia, Hierarchy of Courts in India, LEXOLOGY (June 27, 2024)
3. Id.
4. Yash Kapur, Addressing Case Pendency in Indias Judiciary via Reform & Tech, National Economic Forum (Sept. 30, 2024), https://nationaleconomicforum.in/research/f/addressing-case-pendency-in-indias-judiciary-via-reform tech#:~:text=This%20backlog%20poses%20severe%20ramifications,are%20over%20a%20decade%20old.
5. Lubhyathi Rangarajan, More Courtrooms, Judges & Tech Wont Reduce Indias Pending Cases When the Biggest Litigator Is the Govt, ARTICLE 14 (Apr. 12, 2024)
6. Office of Policy Planning, Federal Trade Commission, AI and Automation in Small Claims Courts: Legal and Ethical Considerations (2022)
7. D James Greiner, Ellen Lee Degnan, Thomas Ferriss, Roseanna Sommers ,Using Random Assignment to Measure Court Accessibility for Low-Income Divorce Seekers, Vol. 118(14), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (2021)
8. Joe Collenette, Katie Atkinson, Trevor Bench-Capon, Explainable AI Tools for Legal Reasoning About Cases: A Study on the European Court of Human Rights, 317 Artificial Intelligence, 1 (2023)
9. Id.
10. Hibah Alessa, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Online Dispute Resolution: A Brief and Critical Overview, 31(3) Information & Communication Technology Law, 319-342 (2022)
11. The Family Courts Act, 1984, No. 66, Acts of Parliament, 1984 (India).
12. Pooja Sood , Amandeep Verma, The Working of Family Courts in India: A Study, 63 PUNJAB U. L. REV. 116, 116-129 (2020).
13. 2001 AIR SCW 3932.
14. Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act,1986, No 25, Acts of Parliament, 1986 (India).
15. Consumer Protection Act, 2019, No 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India).
16. The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, No. 5, Acts of Parliament, 1908 (India).
17. Sneha Ramesh, Consumer Dispute: Navigating Small Claims Court, Procedure, VAKIL SEARCH (July 29, 2024)
18. Tatiana Grieshofer, The Importance of Being Heard: Stories of Unrepresented Litigants in Small Claims Cases and Private Family Proceedings, 9(1) Language and Law, 73-91 (2022)
19. Id.
20. 2013 AIR SCW 1396.
21. Daniel Benoliel, Eli Salzberger, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Decision-Making, 54 Duke L.J. 337, 341 (2018).
22. Siddharth Aiyar, Rebooting Justice: Technology as A Catalyst for Change in the Legal System, LIVE LAW (Aug. 31, 2024, 10:34 AM)
23. AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 1362.
24. 2001 (7) SCC 318.
25. 1987 AIR 1086.
26. A. D. (Dory) Reiling, Courts and Artificial Intelligence, 11 International Journal for Court Administration, (2020).https://doi.org/10.36745/ijca.343.
27. 1979 AIR 855.
28. Rytham Majoka, AI in the Indian Judiciary: Predicting Justice, IIPRD (Jun. 3, 2024)
29. VIRGINIA EUBANKS, AUTOMATING INEQUALITY: HOW HIGH-TECH TOOLS PROFILE, POLICE, AND PUNISH THE POOR 135-41 (St Martins Press 2018).
30. Ryan Calo, Artificial Intelligence Policy: A Primer and Roadmap, 51 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly 405, 409 (2018).
31. Aiman J. Chishti, Artificial Intelligence Can Handle Routine Tasks, Freeing Lawyers Time for High-Value Work: CJI DY Chandrachud, LIVELAW (Aug. 10, 2024, 4:24 PM)
32. Ibid
33. AIR 1985 SC 945.
34. CIVIL APPEAL NO.6000 OF 2010.
35. David Freeman Engstrom, Daniel E. Ho, Catherine M. Sharkey, Mariano-Florentino Cullar, Government by Algorithm: Artificial Intelligence in Federal Administrative Agencies, Report Submitted to the Administrative Conference of the United States (Feb. 2020)
36. Andrew Selbst, The Judicial Use of Artificial Intelligence in Low-Stakes Cases, 71 Stan. L. Rev. 289, 293-97 (2019).
37. AI Adoption and its Impact in the Legal Industry: An Indian Perspective, BAR & BENCH (Aug. 19, 2024, 3:41 PM)
38. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, No. 39, Acts of Parliament, 1987 (India).
39. 2017 SCC OnLine Del. 11796.
40. John F. Kelly, AI and Procedural Fairness in Small Claims Courts, 48 Yale L.J. 125, 128 (2020).
41. JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM, COMPUTER POWER AND HUMAN REASON: FROM JUDGMENT TO CALCULATION (W. H. Freeman and Company 1976)
42. AIR 2017 SC 4161.
43. Artificial Intelligence in Family Court: Balancing Efficiency with Empathy, N.Y.U. J. L. & Tech. 623, 631 (2021).
References
1. Shobhana Sanjay Singh, Use of AI-Driven Support System to Help Courts in Predicting Child Custody Outcomes in India, 23 World J. Advanced Res. & Rev. 1088 (2024).
2. Vijay Pal Dalmia, Hierarchy of Courts in India, LEXOLOGY (June 27, 2024)
3. Id.
4. Yash Kapur, Addressing Case Pendency in Indias Judiciary via Reform & Tech, National Economic Forum (Sept. 30, 2024), https://nationaleconomicforum.in/research/f/addressing-case-pendency-in-indias-judiciary-via-reform tech#:~:text=This%20backlog%20poses%20severe%20ramifications,are%20over%20a%20decade%20old.
5. Lubhyathi Rangarajan, More Courtrooms, Judges & Tech Wont Reduce Indias Pending Cases When the Biggest Litigator Is the Govt, ARTICLE 14 (Apr. 12, 2024)
6. Office of Policy Planning, Federal Trade Commission, AI and Automation in Small Claims Courts: Legal and Ethical Considerations (2022)
7. D James Greiner, Ellen Lee Degnan, Thomas Ferriss, Roseanna Sommers ,Using Random Assignment to Measure Court Accessibility for Low-Income Divorce Seekers, Vol. 118(14), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (2021)
8. Joe Collenette, Katie Atkinson, Trevor Bench-Capon, Explainable AI Tools for Legal Reasoning About Cases: A Study on the European Court of Human Rights, 317 Artificial Intelligence, 1 (2023)
9. Id.
10. Hibah Alessa, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Online Dispute Resolution: A Brief and Critical Overview, 31(3) Information & Communication Technology Law, 319-342 (2022)
11. The Family Courts Act, 1984, No. 66, Acts of Parliament, 1984 (India).
12. Pooja Sood , Amandeep Verma, The Working of Family Courts in India: A Study, 63 PUNJAB U. L. REV. 116, 116-129 (2020).
13. 2001 AIR SCW 3932.
14. Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act,1986, No 25, Acts of Parliament, 1986 (India).
15. Consumer Protection Act, 2019, No 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India).
16. The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, No. 5, Acts of Parliament, 1908 (India).
17. Sneha Ramesh, Consumer Dispute: Navigating Small Claims Court, Procedure, VAKIL SEARCH (July 29, 2024)
18. Tatiana Grieshofer, The Importance of Being Heard: Stories of Unrepresented Litigants in Small Claims Cases and Private Family Proceedings, 9(1) Language and Law, 73-91 (2022)
19. Id.
20. 2013 AIR SCW 1396.
21. Daniel Benoliel, Eli Salzberger, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Decision-Making, 54 Duke L.J. 337, 341 (2018).
22. Siddharth Aiyar, Rebooting Justice: Technology as A Catalyst for Change in the Legal System, LIVE LAW (Aug. 31, 2024, 10:34 AM)
23. AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 1362.
24. 2001 (7) SCC 318.
25. 1987 AIR 1086.
26. A. D. (Dory) Reiling, Courts and Artificial Intelligence, 11 International Journal for Court Administration, (2020).https://doi.org/10.36745/ijca.343.
27. 1979 AIR 855.
28. Rytham Majoka, AI in the Indian Judiciary: Predicting Justice, IIPRD (Jun. 3, 2024)
29. VIRGINIA EUBANKS, AUTOMATING INEQUALITY: HOW HIGH-TECH TOOLS PROFILE, POLICE, AND PUNISH THE POOR 135-41 (St Martins Press 2018).
30. Ryan Calo, Artificial Intelligence Policy: A Primer and Roadmap, 51 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly 405, 409 (2018).
31. Aiman J. Chishti, Artificial Intelligence Can Handle Routine Tasks, Freeing Lawyers Time for High-Value Work: CJI DY Chandrachud, LIVELAW (Aug. 10, 2024, 4:24 PM)
32. Ibid
33. AIR 1985 SC 945.
34. CIVIL APPEAL NO.6000 OF 2010.
35. David Freeman Engstrom, Daniel E. Ho, Catherine M. Sharkey, Mariano-Florentino Cullar, Government by Algorithm: Artificial Intelligence in Federal Administrative Agencies, Report Submitted to the Administrative Conference of the United States (Feb. 2020)
36. Andrew Selbst, The Judicial Use of Artificial Intelligence in Low-Stakes Cases, 71 Stan. L. Rev. 289, 293-97 (2019).
37. AI Adoption and its Impact in the Legal Industry: An Indian Perspective, BAR & BENCH (Aug. 19, 2024, 3:41 PM)
38. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, No. 39, Acts of Parliament, 1987 (India).
39. 2017 SCC OnLine Del. 11796.
40. John F. Kelly, AI and Procedural Fairness in Small Claims Courts, 48 Yale L.J. 125, 128 (2020).
41. JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM, COMPUTER POWER AND HUMAN REASON: FROM JUDGMENT TO CALCULATION (W. H. Freeman and Company 1976)
42. AIR 2017 SC 4161.
43. Artificial Intelligence in Family Court: Balancing Efficiency with Empathy, N.Y.U. J. L. & Tech. 623, 631 (2021).