THE UNHOLY MIX OF JUNK FOOD AND ADVERTISEMENT STRATEGIES TARGETING KIDS OF BLACK AND HISPANIC ORIGINS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE NEED TO REDEFINE FOOD POLICY TO TACKLE CHILDHOOD OBESITY AMONG THE RACIAL MINORITIES
Volume 1Issue I Year 2022
Anamika Krishnan
Indiana University Robert H. Mckinney School of Law, Indianapolis, USA
anakris@iu.edu
Table of Contents
Anamika Krishnan
Indiana University Robert H. Mckinney School of Law, Indianapolis, USA
anakris@iu.edu
Public health ethics- childhood obesity- systemic racism- Black and Hispanic kids- Marxist-feminism
1. RICHARD WILKINSON, KATE PICKETT, THE SPIRIT LEVEL: WHY GREATER EQUALITY MAKES SOCIETIES STRONGER, 17 (Penguin Group 2010).
2. Margaret M. Heckler, Report of the Secretary’s task force on Black & Minority Health, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (Oct. 11, 2022, 9:29 PM)
3. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS; HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 OVERVIEW OF HEALTH DISPARITIES, https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:111173 (last visited Oct. 11, 2022).
4. Odlum M., Moise N., Kronish, I. M., Broadwell P., Alcántara, C., Davis, N. J., Cheung Y., Perotte A., & Yoon S., Trends in Poor Health Indicators Among Black and Hispanic Middle-aged and Older Adults in the United States: 1999 – 2018, 3(11) JAMA Netw. Open. 1, pp.2-11 (2020)
5. Reeves Richard V., Smith Faith, Black and Hispanic Americans at higher risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity: Time to fix out broken food system, BROOKINGS (Oct.20,2022, 8:20 PM)
6. Jo Blanden Et al., Intergenerational mobility in Europe and north America: a report supported by the Sutton trust, CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE (Oct. 29,2022, 3:00 PM)
7. Michael S. Carolan, The Conspicuous Body: Capitalism, Consumerism, Class, and Consumption, 9(1) Worldviews 82, pp.82-85(2005)
8. PETER N. STEARNS, FAT HISTORY: BODIES AND BEAUTY IN THE MODERN WEST 59 (2nd ed. 1997).
9. Garabed Eknoyan, A History of Obesity, or How What Was Good Became Ugly and Then Bad, 13 (4) ACKD J. 421, pp. 421-427 (2006)
10. Id. at 129.
11. Penny Starr, First Lady Links Childhood Obesity to National Security in Launch of Let’s Move Campaign, CNSNEWS.COM (Oct. 30,2022)
12. THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY 2012, https://www.healthdata.org (last visited Oct. 31, 2022).
13. Bryan, Stierman Et al., National health and nutrition examination survey 2017: March 2020 pre pandemic data files development of files and prevalence estimates for selected health outcomes, 158 National health statistics reports 1, pp. 1-7 (2021), http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:106273.
14. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT: FACTSHEET 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (last visited Nov. 1, 2022).
15. Sahoo K., Sahoo B., et al., Childhood Obesity: Causes and Consequences, 4(2) J Family Med Prim Care 187, pp.187-192 (2015)
16. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents:2007-2008, 303(3) JAMA. 242, pp.242-249(2010) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185233.
17. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Ogden CL, Dietz WH., Racial and ethnic differences in secular trends for childhood BMI, weight, and height, 14(2) OBESITY J. 301, pp. 301-308, (2006) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2006.39.
18. STATE OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY REPORT; ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION (2021), https://stateofchildhoodobesity.org/from-crisis-to-opportunity/ (last visited Nov. 1, 2022).
19. Johnson, K. A., Jones-Smith, J., Curriero F. C., Cheskin, L. J., Benjamin-Neelon S. E., Perin, J., Caicedo M. R., & Thornton R. Low-Income Black and Hispanic Childrens Neighborhood Food Environments and Weight Trajectories in Early Childhood, 20(6) Acad Pediatr.784, pp.784-792 (2020)
20. Garber AK, Lustig RH., Is fast food addictive?, 4(3) Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 146,pp.146-162 (2011)
21. Rao M, Afshin A, Singh G, et al., Do healthier foods and diet patterns cost more than less healthy options? A systematic review and meta-analysis, 3(12) BMJ Open.1,pp.1-16 (2013)
22. Id. at 1.
23. Derek Grills, The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act and High School Obesity (2015) (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Walden University) (on file with Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection);Robert ORR, National School Lunch Nutrition Standards Were a Mistake, NISKANEN CENTER (Mar. 10, 2017, 8:10pm)
24. III, KARL MARX, CAPITAL, 121 (International Publishers 1967).
25. Hariss, Jennifer L. Et al., Fast food advertising: billions in spending, continued high exposure by youth, UCONN RUDD CENTER FOR FOOD POLICY AND HEALTH (Oct. 20, 2022, 9:20 PM)
26. Id. at 7.
27. Id. at 7.
28. Id. at 7.
29. Id. at 7.
30. Freeman, Andrea, Fast Food: Oppression through Poor Nutrition, 95 CAL. L. REV. 2221, pp. 2221-2257(2007)
31. Aaron, DG, Stanford, FC., Is obesity a manifestation of systemic racism? A ten-point strategy for study and intervention,290 (2) J Intern Med. 416, pp.416-420 (2021)
32. Wyatte Grantham-Philips, Nutrition Labels on the Front of Packages? Biden Administration Pushes for Next Steps, USA TODAY (Oct. 27, 2022, 8:20 AM)
33. Pelman v. McDonalds Corp., 272 F.R.D. 82 (S.D.N.Y. 2010).
34. Theodore H. Frank, A Taxonomy of Obesity Litigation, 28(3) UALR L. REV. 439, pp.427-441 (2006)
References
1. RICHARD WILKINSON, KATE PICKETT, THE SPIRIT LEVEL: WHY GREATER EQUALITY MAKES SOCIETIES STRONGER, 17 (Penguin Group 2010).
2. Margaret M. Heckler, Report of the Secretary’s task force on Black & Minority Health, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (Oct. 11, 2022, 9:29 PM)
3. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS; HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 OVERVIEW OF HEALTH DISPARITIES, https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:111173 (last visited Oct. 11, 2022).
4. Odlum M., Moise N., Kronish, I. M., Broadwell P., Alcántara, C., Davis, N. J., Cheung Y., Perotte A., & Yoon S., Trends in Poor Health Indicators Among Black and Hispanic Middle-aged and Older Adults in the United States: 1999 – 2018, 3(11) JAMA Netw. Open. 1, pp.2-11 (2020)
5. Reeves Richard V., Smith Faith, Black and Hispanic Americans at higher risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity: Time to fix out broken food system, BROOKINGS (Oct.20,2022, 8:20 PM)
6. Jo Blanden Et al., Intergenerational mobility in Europe and north America: a report supported by the Sutton trust, CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE (Oct. 29,2022, 3:00 PM)
7. Michael S. Carolan, The Conspicuous Body: Capitalism, Consumerism, Class, and Consumption, 9(1) Worldviews 82, pp.82-85(2005)
8. PETER N. STEARNS, FAT HISTORY: BODIES AND BEAUTY IN THE MODERN WEST 59 (2nd ed. 1997).
9. Garabed Eknoyan, A History of Obesity, or How What Was Good Became Ugly and Then Bad, 13 (4) ACKD J. 421, pp. 421-427 (2006)
10. Id. at 129.
11. Penny Starr, First Lady Links Childhood Obesity to National Security in Launch of Let’s Move Campaign, CNSNEWS.COM (Oct. 30,2022)
12. THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY 2012, https://www.healthdata.org (last visited Oct. 31, 2022).
13. Bryan, Stierman Et al., National health and nutrition examination survey 2017: March 2020 pre pandemic data files development of files and prevalence estimates for selected health outcomes, 158 National health statistics reports 1, pp. 1-7 (2021), http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:106273.
14. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT: FACTSHEET 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (last visited Nov. 1, 2022).
15. Sahoo K., Sahoo B., et al., Childhood Obesity: Causes and Consequences, 4(2) J Family Med Prim Care 187, pp.187-192 (2015)
16. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents:2007-2008, 303(3) JAMA. 242, pp.242-249(2010) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185233.
17. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Ogden CL, Dietz WH., Racial and ethnic differences in secular trends for childhood BMI, weight, and height, 14(2) OBESITY J. 301, pp. 301-308, (2006) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2006.39.
18. STATE OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY REPORT; ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION (2021), https://stateofchildhoodobesity.org/from-crisis-to-opportunity/ (last visited Nov. 1, 2022).
19. Johnson, K. A., Jones-Smith, J., Curriero F. C., Cheskin, L. J., Benjamin-Neelon S. E., Perin, J., Caicedo M. R., & Thornton R. Low-Income Black and Hispanic Childrens Neighborhood Food Environments and Weight Trajectories in Early Childhood, 20(6) Acad Pediatr.784, pp.784-792 (2020)
20. Garber AK, Lustig RH., Is fast food addictive?, 4(3) Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 146,pp.146-162 (2011)
21. Rao M, Afshin A, Singh G, et al., Do healthier foods and diet patterns cost more than less healthy options? A systematic review and meta-analysis, 3(12) BMJ Open.1,pp.1-16 (2013)
22. Id. at 1.
23. Derek Grills, The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act and High School Obesity (2015) (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Walden University) (on file with Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection);Robert ORR, National School Lunch Nutrition Standards Were a Mistake, NISKANEN CENTER (Mar. 10, 2017, 8:10pm)
24. III, KARL MARX, CAPITAL, 121 (International Publishers 1967).
25. Hariss, Jennifer L. Et al., Fast food advertising: billions in spending, continued high exposure by youth, UCONN RUDD CENTER FOR FOOD POLICY AND HEALTH (Oct. 20, 2022, 9:20 PM)
26. Id. at 7.
27. Id. at 7.
28. Id. at 7.
29. Id. at 7.
30. Freeman, Andrea, Fast Food: Oppression through Poor Nutrition, 95 CAL. L. REV. 2221, pp. 2221-2257(2007)
31. Aaron, DG, Stanford, FC., Is obesity a manifestation of systemic racism? A ten-point strategy for study and intervention,290 (2) J Intern Med. 416, pp.416-420 (2021)
32. Wyatte Grantham-Philips, Nutrition Labels on the Front of Packages? Biden Administration Pushes for Next Steps, USA TODAY (Oct. 27, 2022, 8:20 AM)
33. Pelman v. McDonalds Corp., 272 F.R.D. 82 (S.D.N.Y. 2010).
34. Theodore H. Frank, A Taxonomy of Obesity Litigation, 28(3) UALR L. REV. 439, pp.427-441 (2006)