DEALING DATA-BIAS AND ETHICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
Volume 1Issue I Year 2022
Dr. M. V. Rajesh
Associate Professor,Dept. of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chengannur
rajeshmaliyeckal@gmail.com
Table of Contents
Dr. M. V. Rajesh
Associate Professor,Dept. of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chengannur
rajeshmaliyeckal@gmail.com
Data-artificial intelligence-machine learning-legal personality-ethical guidelines
1. BERNARD MARR & CO., https://bernardmarr.com/what-is-the-importance-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/ (last visited Oct. 10,2022).
2. NITI AAYOG, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, https://indiaai.gov.in/documents/pdf/NationalStrategy-for-AI-Discussion-Paper.pdf (last visited Nov. 11,2022).
3. Alex Shashkevich, ‘Stanford researcher examines earliest concepts of artificial intelligence, robots in ancient myths’, STANFORD NEWS(Nov. 24,2022, 3:45 PM)
4. Greene, D., Hoffmann, A. L. & Stark, L. Better, nicer, clearer, fairer: a critical assessment of the movement for ethical artificial intelligence and machine learning, SCHOLARSPACE (Nov.12, 10:10 AM)
5. Sarah McQuate, ‘Google’s ‘CEO’ image search gender bias hasn’t really been fixed’,UW NEWS(Nov. 15,2022, 4:15PM)
6. FRANK PASQUALE, THE BLACK BOX SOCIETY: THE SECRET ALGORITHMS THAT CONTROL MONEY AND INFORMATION, 118 (Harvard University Press, London 2015).
7. Adrienne Yapo & Joseph Weiss, Ethical Implications Of Bias In Machine Learning, RESEARCHGATE (Nov. 26,2022, 2:45PM)
8. Crawford, K, ‘Artificial intelligence’s white Guy Problem’, THE NEWYORK TIMES (Nov. 30,2022, 7:40PM)
9. Borgesius F., Discrimination, Artificial Intelligence, and Algorithmic Decision-Making, DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF DEMOCRACY-COUNCIL OF EUROPE (Nov. 11,2022, 9:10 PM)
10. Id. at 13.
11. UNESCO, https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-member-states-adopt-first-ever-global-agreement-ethics-artificial-intelligence#:~:text=Banning%20social%20scoring%20and%20mass,used%20in%20a%20broad%20way (last visited Nov.29,2022).
12. Aparna Viswanathan, Indian Law is Yet To Transition Into the Age of Artificial Intelligence, THE WIRE (Nov.30, 8:30 PM)
13. Yash Vardhan Gupta, Artificial Intelligence and Legal Personhood, LEGAL SERVICE INDIA E-JOURNAL (Oct. 10, 2022, 7:10 PM)
14. Ryan Abbott & Alex Sarch, ‘Punishing Artificial Intelligence: Legal Fiction or Science Fiction’,53 UC Davis Law Review 1, 323 (2019)
15. Paulius Cerka, Jurgita Grigiene, Gintare Sirbikyte, Is it possible to grant legal personality to artificial intelligence software systems?, 33(5) Computer Law and Security Review 685,pp.685-699(2017)
16. N BOSTROM, SUPERINTELLIGENCE: PATHS, DANGERS, STRATEGIES 115 (Oxford University Press 2014).
17. PRIME LEGAL, https://primelegal.in/2020/12/22/legal-personhood-of-artificial-intelligence-system/(last visited Nov. 3,2022).
18. Lawrence B. Solum, Legal personhood for artificial intelligences,70(4) North Carolina Law Review (N.C. L. Rev ) 1231, pp.1238-1240 (1992)
19. Virginia Dignum, ‘The ART of AI – Accountability, Responsibility, Transparency’, MEDIUM.COM (Nov. 15,2022, 1:30 PM), https://medium.com/@virginiadignum/the-art-of-ai-accountability-responsibility-transparency-48666ec92ea5.
20. N Naffine, ‘Who Are Law’s Persons? From Cheshire Cats to Responsible Subjects’, 66(3) Mod. Law Rev. 346, pp.347-349 (2003)
21. Eleanore Hickman & Martin Petrin, Trustworthy AI and Corporate Governance: The EU’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence from a Company Law Perspective, 22 European Business Organization Law Review 593, p.596 (2021)
22. Id. at 597.
23. Id. at 598.
24. EUROPEAN COMMISSION, https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai(last visited Nov. 13,2022).
25. C Rodgers, ‘A New Approach to Protecting Ecosystems’,19(4) Environ. Law Rev., 266, pp.276-277(2017)
26. LIVEMINT.COM, https://www.livemint.com/Politics/6ZTmv653VqU5ghPAcWCfTJ/Union-Budget-2018-Full-text-of-Arun-Jaitley-budget-speech.html (last visited Nov.24,2022).
27. THE ECONOMIC TIMES, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/it-ministry-forms-four-committees-for-artificial-intelligence-ravi-shankar-prasad/articleshow/62853767.cms (last visited Nov.23,2022).
28. Sharma YS, Agarwal S, 2018 The Economic Times, available at https://econmictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/polic/niti-ayog-to-come-out-with-national-policy-on-artificial-intelligence-soon/articleshow/63387764.cms
29. [29] INDIAAI, https://indiaai.gov.in/about-us (last visited Nov. 12,2022).
30. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, https://dst.gov.in/national-data-sharing-and-accessibility-policy-0 (last visited Nov. 1, 2022).
31. Velu S, Sudheer N, Saikat B, From Buzz to Reality: The Accelerating pace of AI in India, BAIN & COMPANY(Nov. 30,2022, 5:10PM)
32. S Chesterman, ‘Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Autonomy’, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE(Nov. 13,2022, 7:30 AM)
33. COUNCIL OF EUROPE,https://www.coe.int/en/web/cepej/tools-for-courts-and-judicial-professionals-for-the-practical-implementation-of-ai (last visited Nov. 20,2022).
References
1. BERNARD MARR & CO., https://bernardmarr.com/what-is-the-importance-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/ (last visited Oct. 10,2022).
2. NITI AAYOG, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, https://indiaai.gov.in/documents/pdf/NationalStrategy-for-AI-Discussion-Paper.pdf (last visited Nov. 11,2022).
3. Alex Shashkevich, ‘Stanford researcher examines earliest concepts of artificial intelligence, robots in ancient myths’, STANFORD NEWS(Nov. 24,2022, 3:45 PM)
4. Greene, D., Hoffmann, A. L. & Stark, L. Better, nicer, clearer, fairer: a critical assessment of the movement for ethical artificial intelligence and machine learning, SCHOLARSPACE (Nov.12, 10:10 AM)
5. Sarah McQuate, ‘Google’s ‘CEO’ image search gender bias hasn’t really been fixed’,UW NEWS(Nov. 15,2022, 4:15PM)
6. FRANK PASQUALE, THE BLACK BOX SOCIETY: THE SECRET ALGORITHMS THAT CONTROL MONEY AND INFORMATION, 118 (Harvard University Press, London 2015).
7. Adrienne Yapo & Joseph Weiss, Ethical Implications Of Bias In Machine Learning, RESEARCHGATE (Nov. 26,2022, 2:45PM)
8. Crawford, K, ‘Artificial intelligence’s white Guy Problem’, THE NEWYORK TIMES (Nov. 30,2022, 7:40PM)
9. Borgesius F., Discrimination, Artificial Intelligence, and Algorithmic Decision-Making, DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF DEMOCRACY-COUNCIL OF EUROPE (Nov. 11,2022, 9:10 PM)
10. Id. at 13.
11. UNESCO, https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-member-states-adopt-first-ever-global-agreement-ethics-artificial-intelligence#:~:text=Banning%20social%20scoring%20and%20mass,used%20in%20a%20broad%20way (last visited Nov.29,2022).
12. Aparna Viswanathan, Indian Law is Yet To Transition Into the Age of Artificial Intelligence, THE WIRE (Nov.30, 8:30 PM)
13. Yash Vardhan Gupta, Artificial Intelligence and Legal Personhood, LEGAL SERVICE INDIA E-JOURNAL (Oct. 10, 2022, 7:10 PM)
14. Ryan Abbott & Alex Sarch, ‘Punishing Artificial Intelligence: Legal Fiction or Science Fiction’,53 UC Davis Law Review 1, 323 (2019)
15. Paulius Cerka, Jurgita Grigiene, Gintare Sirbikyte, Is it possible to grant legal personality to artificial intelligence software systems?, 33(5) Computer Law and Security Review 685,pp.685-699(2017)
16. N BOSTROM, SUPERINTELLIGENCE: PATHS, DANGERS, STRATEGIES 115 (Oxford University Press 2014).
17. PRIME LEGAL, https://primelegal.in/2020/12/22/legal-personhood-of-artificial-intelligence-system/(last visited Nov. 3,2022).
18. Lawrence B. Solum, Legal personhood for artificial intelligences,70(4) North Carolina Law Review (N.C. L. Rev ) 1231, pp.1238-1240 (1992)
19. Virginia Dignum, ‘The ART of AI – Accountability, Responsibility, Transparency’, MEDIUM.COM (Nov. 15,2022, 1:30 PM), https://medium.com/@virginiadignum/the-art-of-ai-accountability-responsibility-transparency-48666ec92ea5.
20. N Naffine, ‘Who Are Law’s Persons? From Cheshire Cats to Responsible Subjects’, 66(3) Mod. Law Rev. 346, pp.347-349 (2003)
21. Eleanore Hickman & Martin Petrin, Trustworthy AI and Corporate Governance: The EU’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence from a Company Law Perspective, 22 European Business Organization Law Review 593, p.596 (2021)
22. Id. at 597.
23. Id. at 598.
24. EUROPEAN COMMISSION, https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai(last visited Nov. 13,2022).
25. C Rodgers, ‘A New Approach to Protecting Ecosystems’,19(4) Environ. Law Rev., 266, pp.276-277(2017)
26. LIVEMINT.COM, https://www.livemint.com/Politics/6ZTmv653VqU5ghPAcWCfTJ/Union-Budget-2018-Full-text-of-Arun-Jaitley-budget-speech.html (last visited Nov.24,2022).
27. THE ECONOMIC TIMES, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/it-ministry-forms-four-committees-for-artificial-intelligence-ravi-shankar-prasad/articleshow/62853767.cms (last visited Nov.23,2022).
28. Sharma YS, Agarwal S, 2018 The Economic Times, available at https://econmictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/polic/niti-ayog-to-come-out-with-national-policy-on-artificial-intelligence-soon/articleshow/63387764.cms
29. [29] INDIAAI, https://indiaai.gov.in/about-us (last visited Nov. 12,2022).
30. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, https://dst.gov.in/national-data-sharing-and-accessibility-policy-0 (last visited Nov. 1, 2022).
31. Velu S, Sudheer N, Saikat B, From Buzz to Reality: The Accelerating pace of AI in India, BAIN & COMPANY(Nov. 30,2022, 5:10PM)
32. S Chesterman, ‘Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Autonomy’, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE(Nov. 13,2022, 7:30 AM)
33. COUNCIL OF EUROPE,https://www.coe.int/en/web/cepej/tools-for-courts-and-judicial-professionals-for-the-practical-implementation-of-ai (last visited Nov. 20,2022).