FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: NEED FOR A HUMANISTIC APPROACH
Volume 2Issue III Year 2023
Afifa Sherin
Advocate, Delhi District Court
sherinhistory@gmail.com
Table of Contents
Afifa Sherin
Advocate, Delhi District Court
sherinhistory@gmail.com
Female Genital Mutilation. Infibulation- Human Right- Child Right- bodily autonomy.
1. What is female genital mutilation, https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/act770051997en.pdf (last visited Jun 3, 2024).
2. Leen Farouki et al., The Global Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of National, Regional, Facility, and School-Based Studies, 19 PLoS Med e1004061 (2022).
3. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement - OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO, Eliminer les mutilations sexuelles fminines?: dclaration interinstitutions HCDH, OMS, ONUSIDA, PNUD, UNCEA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNCHR, UNICEF, UNIFEM 40 (2008).
4. Afro-Arab expert consultation 2003.Legal tools for the prevention of Female Genital Mutilation. Proceedings of the Cairo expert consultation.
5. World Health Organization, supra note 3.
6. Wisal Ahmed et al., Turning the Tide on Female Genital Mutilation in a High Prevalence Country: A Programmatic Data Analysis for Sudans Comprehensive Health Sector Response, 2016,2018, 7 BMJ Glob Health e010020 (2022).
7. Female genital mutilation: a guide to laws and policies worldwide, (Anika Rahman et al. eds., 2000).
8. Elliot Klein et al., Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications A Short Literature Review, 2018 Obstetrics and Gynecology International 1 (2018).
9. SCILLA ELWORTHY EFUA DORKENOO, Female Genital Mutilation: Proposals for Change, https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2023/12/download-869-download-full-report.pdf (last visited Jun 3, 2024).
10. Ministry of Health 1999. National plan of action for the elimination of female genital mutilation in Kenya, 1999-2019 Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya Nairobi
11. Nahid Golafshani, Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, TQR (2015), https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol8/iss4/6/ (last visited Mar 6, 2024).
12. Neha Tripathi, Female Genital Mutilation: A Humanistic Approach, SSRN Journal (2020), https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3529267 (last visited Mar 6, 2024).
13. Ministry of Health 1999. National plan of action for the elimination of female genital mutilation in Kenya, 1999-2019 Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya Nairobi
14. Mridula Chari, Bohra Leader Upholds Female Circumcision in Countries Where It Is Not Banned, Sroll, Jul. 6, 2016, https://scroll.in/article/809463/bohra-leader-upholds-female-genital-mutilation-in-countries-where-it-is-not-banned (last visited Mar 16, 2024).
15. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217A (III) (1948), art. 3.
16. Sunita Tiwari v. Union of India and Others, W.P. (C) No.286/2017.
17. Patricia A. Broussard, The Importation of Female Genital Mutilation to the West: The Cruelest Cut of All, 44 U.S.F.L. Rev (2010)
18. acinta K. Muteshi, Suellen Miller & Jos M. Belizn, The Ongoing Violence against Women: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, 13 Reprod Health 44 (2016).
19. Egan K. Green, Culture Conflict Between Moonshiners and the Government: An Explanation of Jury Nullification and Nolle Prosequi in Illicit Alcohol Offenses in Rural Communities, 3 International Journal of Rural Criminology 50 (2016).
20. Nafissatou J. Diop & Ian Askew, The Effectiveness of a Community‐based Education Program on Abandoning Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Senegal, 40 STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 307 (2009).
21. Aakriti Sharma & Anmol Chitranshi, Female Genital Mutilation: Evils Of Bygone Era, 1 Indraprastha Law Review 1 (2020).
22. Id.
23. Beth D. Williams-Breault, Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Human Rights-Based Approaches of Legislation, Education, and Community Empowerment, 20 Health Hum Rights 223 (2018).
24. Esther O. Asekun-Olarinmoye & Oluwatoyin A. Amusan, The Impact of Health Education on Attitudes towards Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in a Rural Nigerian Community, 13 The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 289 (2008).
References
1. What is female genital mutilation, https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/act770051997en.pdf (last visited Jun 3, 2024).
2. Leen Farouki et al., The Global Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of National, Regional, Facility, and School-Based Studies, 19 PLoS Med e1004061 (2022).
3. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement - OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO, Eliminer les mutilations sexuelles fminines?: dclaration interinstitutions HCDH, OMS, ONUSIDA, PNUD, UNCEA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNCHR, UNICEF, UNIFEM 40 (2008).
4. Afro-Arab expert consultation 2003.Legal tools for the prevention of Female Genital Mutilation. Proceedings of the Cairo expert consultation.
5. World Health Organization, supra note 3.
6. Wisal Ahmed et al., Turning the Tide on Female Genital Mutilation in a High Prevalence Country: A Programmatic Data Analysis for Sudans Comprehensive Health Sector Response, 2016,2018, 7 BMJ Glob Health e010020 (2022).
7. Female genital mutilation: a guide to laws and policies worldwide, (Anika Rahman et al. eds., 2000).
8. Elliot Klein et al., Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications A Short Literature Review, 2018 Obstetrics and Gynecology International 1 (2018).
9. SCILLA ELWORTHY EFUA DORKENOO, Female Genital Mutilation: Proposals for Change, https://minorityrights.org/app/uploads/2023/12/download-869-download-full-report.pdf (last visited Jun 3, 2024).
10. Ministry of Health 1999. National plan of action for the elimination of female genital mutilation in Kenya, 1999-2019 Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya Nairobi
11. Nahid Golafshani, Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, TQR (2015), https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol8/iss4/6/ (last visited Mar 6, 2024).
12. Neha Tripathi, Female Genital Mutilation: A Humanistic Approach, SSRN Journal (2020), https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3529267 (last visited Mar 6, 2024).
13. Ministry of Health 1999. National plan of action for the elimination of female genital mutilation in Kenya, 1999-2019 Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya Nairobi
14. Mridula Chari, Bohra Leader Upholds Female Circumcision in Countries Where It Is Not Banned, Sroll, Jul. 6, 2016, https://scroll.in/article/809463/bohra-leader-upholds-female-genital-mutilation-in-countries-where-it-is-not-banned (last visited Mar 16, 2024).
15. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217A (III) (1948), art. 3.
16. Sunita Tiwari v. Union of India and Others, W.P. (C) No.286/2017.
17. Patricia A. Broussard, The Importation of Female Genital Mutilation to the West: The Cruelest Cut of All, 44 U.S.F.L. Rev (2010)
18. acinta K. Muteshi, Suellen Miller & Jos M. Belizn, The Ongoing Violence against Women: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, 13 Reprod Health 44 (2016).
19. Egan K. Green, Culture Conflict Between Moonshiners and the Government: An Explanation of Jury Nullification and Nolle Prosequi in Illicit Alcohol Offenses in Rural Communities, 3 International Journal of Rural Criminology 50 (2016).
20. Nafissatou J. Diop & Ian Askew, The Effectiveness of a Community‐based Education Program on Abandoning Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Senegal, 40 STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 307 (2009).
21. Aakriti Sharma & Anmol Chitranshi, Female Genital Mutilation: Evils Of Bygone Era, 1 Indraprastha Law Review 1 (2020).
22. Id.
23. Beth D. Williams-Breault, Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Human Rights-Based Approaches of Legislation, Education, and Community Empowerment, 20 Health Hum Rights 223 (2018).
24. Esther O. Asekun-Olarinmoye & Oluwatoyin A. Amusan, The Impact of Health Education on Attitudes towards Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in a Rural Nigerian Community, 13 The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 289 (2008).