DECEPTIVE REALITIES: DEEPFAKES AND THE BATTLE FOR PRIVACY
Volume 2Issue II Year 2023
Vishnu S
Independent Researcher and Manager (Legal) at Cochin Shipyard Ltd
adv.vishnus@gmail.com
Table of Contents
Vishnu S
Independent Researcher and Manager (Legal) at Cochin Shipyard Ltd
adv.vishnus@gmail.com
Deepfakes- Privacy- Technology- Ethical Dilemmas- Collaborative Efforts
1. Manheim, K., & Kaplan, L., Artificial intelligence: Risks to privacy and democracy, 21 Yale JL & Tech.,106 (2019).
2. Viola, M., & Voto, C, Designed to abuse? Deepfakes and the non-consensual diffusion of intimate images, 201(1), Synthese,30((2023).
3. Huang, Y., et. al, Recent advances in artificial intelligence for video production system. Enterprise Information Systems,17, Taylor & Francis, (2023).
4. WANI, M. A., ET. AL, ROLE OF NLP AND DEEP LEARNING FOR MULTIMEDIA DATA PROCESSING AND SECURITY IN RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN MULTIMEDIA DATA PROCESSING AND SECURITY: ISSUES, CHALLENGES, AND TECHNIQUES, (IGI Global 2023).
5. Masood, M., et. al. (2023). Deepfakes generation and detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forward. 53(4), Applied intelligence, 3974-4026(2023).
6. Jozdani, S., et. al. A review and meta-analysis of generative adversarial networks and their applications in remote sensing,108, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,102734. (2022).
7. Allen, D. N. Deepfake Fight: AI-Powered Disinformation and Perfidy Under the Geneva Conventions. Notre Dame J. on Emerging Tech., 3, 1(2022).
8. Juefei-Xu, F., et. al. Countering malicious deepfakes: Survey, battleground, and horizon. 130(7), International journal of computer vision,1678-1734, (2022).
9. Ullrich, Q. J, Is This Video Real? The Principal Mischief of Deepfakes and How the Lanham Act Can Address It. 55, Colum. JL & Soc. Probs.,1(2021).
10. Mirsky, Y., et. al. The threat of offensive ai to organizations, Computers & Security, 124, 103006(2023).
11. Tolosana, R., et. al. Deepfakes and beyond: A survey of face manipulation and fake detection, 64, Information Fusion, 131-148(2020).
12. Harris, K. R. Video on demand: what deepfakes do and how they harm, 199(5-6), Synthese,13373-13391(2021).
13. Kozyreva, A., et. al, Citizens versus the internet: Confronting digital challenges with cognitive tools. 21(3), Psychological Science in the Public Interest,103-156 (2020).
14. Van der Sloot, B., & Wagensveld, Y. Deepfakes: regulatory challenges for the synthetic society. Computer Law & Security Review, 46, 105716 (2022).
15. Chesney, B., & Citron, D. Deep fakes: A looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national security. Calif. L. Rev., 107, 1753. (2019).
16. Ressler, J. S. Anonymous Plaintiffs and Sexual Misconduct,50 Seton Hall L. Rev., 955. (2019).
17. Deepfakes, deep harms. J. Ethics & Soc. Phil., 22, 143. (2022).
18. Dagar, D., & Vishwakarma, D. K. A literature review and perspectives in deepfakes: generation, detection, and applications. 11(3), International journal of multimedia information retrieval, 219-289. (2022).
19. Supra. Note 15
20. Supra. Note 12.
21. Mhiripiri, N. A., & Chikakano, J. Criminal defamation, the criminalisation of expression, media and information dissemination in the digital age: A legal and ethical perspective. In Digital Multimedia: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. 1638-1661. (2018).
22. Tsfati, Y., et. al. Causes and consequences of mainstream media dissemination of fake news: literature review and synthesis. 44(2), Annals of the International Communication Association,157-173. (2020).
23. Kalpokas, I., & Kalpokiene, J. Deepfakes: A Realistic Assessment of Potentials, Risks, and Policy Regulation. Springer Nature. 4. (2022).
24. Gamage, D., et. al. The Emergence of Deepfakes and its Societal Implications: A Systematic Review. TTO, 28-39. (2021).
25. Falade, P. V. Decoding the Threat Landscape: ChatGPT, FraudGPT, and WormGPT in Social Engineering Attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.05595. (2023).
26. Nitzberg, M., & Zysman, J. Algorithms, data, and platforms: the diverse challenges of governing AI, 29(11), Journal of European Public Policy,1753-1778. (2022).
27. Whittaker, L., et. al. Mapping the deepfake landscape for innovation: A multidisciplinary systematic review and future research agenda. 125 Technovation,102784. (2023).
28. Marsoof, A., et. al. Content-filtering AI systems limitations, challenges and regulatory approaches, 32(1), Information & Communications Technology Law, 64-101. (2023).
29. Indian Penal Code,1860, S 499 and 500, No.45,1860(India).
30. The Information Technology Act,2000, No.21, Acts of Parliament,2000(India).
31. Nema, P, understanding copyright issues entailing deepfakes in India 29(3), International Journal of Law and Information Technology,241-254. (2021).
32. [1] Reid, S. The deepfake dilemma: Reconciling privacy and first amendment protections. U. Pa. J. Const. L., 23, 209. (2021).
33. Hartzog, W., & Richards, N. Privacys constitutional moment and the limits of data protection. BCL Rev., 61, 1687. (2020).
34. Warrier, V. S., Public Interest Issues in Copyright.3 The Lex-Warrier: Online Law Journal, 97-100. (2018).
35. Langa, J. Deepfakes, real consequences: Crafting legislation to combat threats posed by deepfakes, 101, BUL Rev., 761. (2021).
36. Wall, O. A Privacy Torts Solution to Post-mortem Deepfakes. Wash. UL Rev., 100, 885. (2022).
37. Shaju Philip, Sister in hospital, please help: Ex-Coal India exec loses Rs 40,000 in Keralas first deepfake case, The Indian Express, (Nov.11,2023,12:02AM).
38. Shaju Philip, Sister in hospital, please help: Ex-Coal India exec loses Rs 40,000 in Keralas first deepfake case, The Indian Express, (Nov.11,2023,12:02AM).
39. Rashmika Mandannas deepfake video: Delhi Police register FIR in case after DCW seeks action. BUSINESS TODAY (Nov.11, 2023,10:30PM)
40. Deepfake video of Kajol goes viral on social media after Rashmika Mandanna video controversy. BUSINESS TODAY (Nov.16, 2023,10:45PM) https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/deepfake-video-of-kajol-goes-viral-on-social-media-after-rashmika-mandanna-video-controversy-405911-2023-11-16
41. Tiger 3s Michelle Lee recalls epic towel fight scene: Katrina was so graceful. INDIA TODAY. (Oct.27, 2023,11:30AM), https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/tiger-3s-michelle-lee-recalls-epic-towel-fight-scene-katrina-kaif-was-so-graceful-2454360-2023-10-27 .
42. Govt issues advisory to platforms on countering deepfakes. LIVE MINT (Nov.7,2023,12:00PM)
43. Amid Rashmika Mandanna row, PM Modi speaks up on deepfake videos: Misuse of AI problematic. HINDUSTAN TIMES (Nov.17,2023,2:00PM)
44. Karnouskos, S, Artificial intelligence in digital media: The era of deepfakes,1(3) IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society,138-147. (2020).
45. Meskys, E., et. al. Regulating deep fakes: legal and ethical considerations,15(1) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice,24-31 (2020).
46. Dan, V., et. al. Visual mis-and disinformation, social media, and democracy, 98(3), Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 641-664. (2021).
47. Moran, R. E., & Nechushtai, E. Before reception: Trust in the news as infrastructure. Journalism, 24(3), 457-474. (2023).
48. Widder, D. G., et. al, June). Limits and possibilities for Ethical AI in open source: A study of deepfakes. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. 2035-2046, (2022).
49. Makki, A., & Jawad, O. Future Challenges in Receiving Media Messages in Light of Developments in Artificial Intelligence,20(S6), Migration Letters, 167-183. (2023).
50. Kahne, J., Hodgin, E., & Eidman-Aadahl, E., Redesigning civic education for the digital age: Participatory politics and the pursuit of democratic engagement,44(1), Theory & Research in Social Education, 1-35. (2016).
51. Supra. Note 15.
52. Machete, P., & Turpin, M., The use of critical thinking to identify fake news: A systematic literature review, NLM, 235-246 (2020).
53. Rathore, S., et. al., Social network security: Issues, challenges, threats, and solutions,421, Information sciences, 43-69. (2017).
54. Ohara, M. R. The Role of Social Media in Educational Communication Management,1(2), Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management, 70-76, (2023).
55. Caled, D., & Silva, M. J., Digital media and misinformation: An outlook on multidisciplinary strategies against manipulation. 5(1), Journal of Computational Social Science,123-159. (2022).
References
1. Manheim, K., & Kaplan, L., Artificial intelligence: Risks to privacy and democracy, 21 Yale JL & Tech.,106 (2019).
2. Viola, M., & Voto, C, Designed to abuse? Deepfakes and the non-consensual diffusion of intimate images, 201(1), Synthese,30((2023).
3. Huang, Y., et. al, Recent advances in artificial intelligence for video production system. Enterprise Information Systems,17, Taylor & Francis, (2023).
4. WANI, M. A., ET. AL, ROLE OF NLP AND DEEP LEARNING FOR MULTIMEDIA DATA PROCESSING AND SECURITY IN RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN MULTIMEDIA DATA PROCESSING AND SECURITY: ISSUES, CHALLENGES, AND TECHNIQUES, (IGI Global 2023).
5. Masood, M., et. al. (2023). Deepfakes generation and detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forward. 53(4), Applied intelligence, 3974-4026(2023).
6. Jozdani, S., et. al. A review and meta-analysis of generative adversarial networks and their applications in remote sensing,108, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,102734. (2022).
7. Allen, D. N. Deepfake Fight: AI-Powered Disinformation and Perfidy Under the Geneva Conventions. Notre Dame J. on Emerging Tech., 3, 1(2022).
8. Juefei-Xu, F., et. al. Countering malicious deepfakes: Survey, battleground, and horizon. 130(7), International journal of computer vision,1678-1734, (2022).
9. Ullrich, Q. J, Is This Video Real? The Principal Mischief of Deepfakes and How the Lanham Act Can Address It. 55, Colum. JL & Soc. Probs.,1(2021).
10. Mirsky, Y., et. al. The threat of offensive ai to organizations, Computers & Security, 124, 103006(2023).
11. Tolosana, R., et. al. Deepfakes and beyond: A survey of face manipulation and fake detection, 64, Information Fusion, 131-148(2020).
12. Harris, K. R. Video on demand: what deepfakes do and how they harm, 199(5-6), Synthese,13373-13391(2021).
13. Kozyreva, A., et. al, Citizens versus the internet: Confronting digital challenges with cognitive tools. 21(3), Psychological Science in the Public Interest,103-156 (2020).
14. Van der Sloot, B., & Wagensveld, Y. Deepfakes: regulatory challenges for the synthetic society. Computer Law & Security Review, 46, 105716 (2022).
15. Chesney, B., & Citron, D. Deep fakes: A looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national security. Calif. L. Rev., 107, 1753. (2019).
16. Ressler, J. S. Anonymous Plaintiffs and Sexual Misconduct,50 Seton Hall L. Rev., 955. (2019).
17. Deepfakes, deep harms. J. Ethics & Soc. Phil., 22, 143. (2022).
18. Dagar, D., & Vishwakarma, D. K. A literature review and perspectives in deepfakes: generation, detection, and applications. 11(3), International journal of multimedia information retrieval, 219-289. (2022).
19. Supra. Note 15
20. Supra. Note 12.
21. Mhiripiri, N. A., & Chikakano, J. Criminal defamation, the criminalisation of expression, media and information dissemination in the digital age: A legal and ethical perspective. In Digital Multimedia: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. 1638-1661. (2018).
22. Tsfati, Y., et. al. Causes and consequences of mainstream media dissemination of fake news: literature review and synthesis. 44(2), Annals of the International Communication Association,157-173. (2020).
23. Kalpokas, I., & Kalpokiene, J. Deepfakes: A Realistic Assessment of Potentials, Risks, and Policy Regulation. Springer Nature. 4. (2022).
24. Gamage, D., et. al. The Emergence of Deepfakes and its Societal Implications: A Systematic Review. TTO, 28-39. (2021).
25. Falade, P. V. Decoding the Threat Landscape: ChatGPT, FraudGPT, and WormGPT in Social Engineering Attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.05595. (2023).
26. Nitzberg, M., & Zysman, J. Algorithms, data, and platforms: the diverse challenges of governing AI, 29(11), Journal of European Public Policy,1753-1778. (2022).
27. Whittaker, L., et. al. Mapping the deepfake landscape for innovation: A multidisciplinary systematic review and future research agenda. 125 Technovation,102784. (2023).
28. Marsoof, A., et. al. Content-filtering AI systems limitations, challenges and regulatory approaches, 32(1), Information & Communications Technology Law, 64-101. (2023).
29. Indian Penal Code,1860, S 499 and 500, No.45,1860(India).
30. The Information Technology Act,2000, No.21, Acts of Parliament,2000(India).
31. Nema, P, understanding copyright issues entailing deepfakes in India 29(3), International Journal of Law and Information Technology,241-254. (2021).
32. [1] Reid, S. The deepfake dilemma: Reconciling privacy and first amendment protections. U. Pa. J. Const. L., 23, 209. (2021).
33. Hartzog, W., & Richards, N. Privacys constitutional moment and the limits of data protection. BCL Rev., 61, 1687. (2020).
34. Warrier, V. S., Public Interest Issues in Copyright.3 The Lex-Warrier: Online Law Journal, 97-100. (2018).
35. Langa, J. Deepfakes, real consequences: Crafting legislation to combat threats posed by deepfakes, 101, BUL Rev., 761. (2021).
36. Wall, O. A Privacy Torts Solution to Post-mortem Deepfakes. Wash. UL Rev., 100, 885. (2022).
37. Shaju Philip, Sister in hospital, please help: Ex-Coal India exec loses Rs 40,000 in Keralas first deepfake case, The Indian Express, (Nov.11,2023,12:02AM).
38. Shaju Philip, Sister in hospital, please help: Ex-Coal India exec loses Rs 40,000 in Keralas first deepfake case, The Indian Express, (Nov.11,2023,12:02AM).
39. Rashmika Mandannas deepfake video: Delhi Police register FIR in case after DCW seeks action. BUSINESS TODAY (Nov.11, 2023,10:30PM)
40. Deepfake video of Kajol goes viral on social media after Rashmika Mandanna video controversy. BUSINESS TODAY (Nov.16, 2023,10:45PM) https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/deepfake-video-of-kajol-goes-viral-on-social-media-after-rashmika-mandanna-video-controversy-405911-2023-11-16
41. Tiger 3s Michelle Lee recalls epic towel fight scene: Katrina was so graceful. INDIA TODAY. (Oct.27, 2023,11:30AM), https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/tiger-3s-michelle-lee-recalls-epic-towel-fight-scene-katrina-kaif-was-so-graceful-2454360-2023-10-27 .
42. Govt issues advisory to platforms on countering deepfakes. LIVE MINT (Nov.7,2023,12:00PM)
43. Amid Rashmika Mandanna row, PM Modi speaks up on deepfake videos: Misuse of AI problematic. HINDUSTAN TIMES (Nov.17,2023,2:00PM)
44. Karnouskos, S, Artificial intelligence in digital media: The era of deepfakes,1(3) IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society,138-147. (2020).
45. Meskys, E., et. al. Regulating deep fakes: legal and ethical considerations,15(1) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice,24-31 (2020).
46. Dan, V., et. al. Visual mis-and disinformation, social media, and democracy, 98(3), Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 641-664. (2021).
47. Moran, R. E., & Nechushtai, E. Before reception: Trust in the news as infrastructure. Journalism, 24(3), 457-474. (2023).
48. Widder, D. G., et. al, June). Limits and possibilities for Ethical AI in open source: A study of deepfakes. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. 2035-2046, (2022).
49. Makki, A., & Jawad, O. Future Challenges in Receiving Media Messages in Light of Developments in Artificial Intelligence,20(S6), Migration Letters, 167-183. (2023).
50. Kahne, J., Hodgin, E., & Eidman-Aadahl, E., Redesigning civic education for the digital age: Participatory politics and the pursuit of democratic engagement,44(1), Theory & Research in Social Education, 1-35. (2016).
51. Supra. Note 15.
52. Machete, P., & Turpin, M., The use of critical thinking to identify fake news: A systematic literature review, NLM, 235-246 (2020).
53. Rathore, S., et. al., Social network security: Issues, challenges, threats, and solutions,421, Information sciences, 43-69. (2017).
54. Ohara, M. R. The Role of Social Media in Educational Communication Management,1(2), Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management, 70-76, (2023).
55. Caled, D., & Silva, M. J., Digital media and misinformation: An outlook on multidisciplinary strategies against manipulation. 5(1), Journal of Computational Social Science,123-159. (2022).